Iris Publishers Journal Of Engineering Sciences

Comparison of Demographic Changes in Shipbuilding Industry in India & China Authored by Achal Garg Shipbuilding is an economic sector that has high scientific, technological and production potential and is capable of generating a significant impact on the development of technology in related industries. As a result, key maritime states around the world pay particular attention to the creation and development of innovative technologies in the shipbuilding industry. Foresight has confirmed its effectiveness as a long-term forecasting instrument for scientific, technological and economic development in the industry as it allows analysts to take into account a complex array of factors influencing market supply and demand alongside current technological trends [Georghiou et al, 2008; Gokhberg, Sokolov, 2013; Saritas et al, 2013; Haegeman et al, 2013]. This article seeks to outline the future of the shipbuilding industry in the period up to 2030 based on an assessment of the current sta...

  Iris Publishers An innovative Method to Extend the Service Life of Future Infrastructure Systems by Using Alternative Materials Authored by Maziar Mahdavi Introduction Infrastructures are one of the vital piers of a stable economy. Construction, maintenance and reconstruction of infrastructure systems are highly expensive and extending their service life is one of the biggest engineering challenges that faces governments and private sectors worldwide. Plenty of research has been conducted in the field of infrastructure’s service life and each of those has focused on a specific aspect of this challenge. Among these infrastructure systems, pipelines are highly important in different engineering applications, and specifically reinforced concrete pipes have been widely used in water and wastewater systems. Reinforced concrete pipes are inherently susceptible to environmental deterioration because of the embedded steel reinforcements. For example, in sewer lines or in pipes that are ...

  Iris Publishers Exciting Developments in Agriculture and Renewable Energy Authored by Brian Kirke Introduction This review summarizes three developments which could play a crucial role in reducing climate change effects. The first is in agriculture. Farmer and author Charles Massey states that his book “Call of the Reed Warbler” is about the future survival of Earth and humanity. After decades of farming, following the advice of conventional agronomists and watching the fertility and productivity of his land steadily declining, he came to the view that “modern industrial agriculture and humanity’s ongoing burning of stored fossil fuels is destroying Earth’s life-sustaining systems, poisoning the foods we live on and divorcing us from a natural world we co-evolved with. While consuming more resources than Earth’s systems can replenish, we are hurtling towards multiple calamities.” Many people would agree with this view, but unlike those who get stuck on the gloom and doom, ...

  Iris Publishers Fossil Fuel Consumption Trend and Global Warming Scenario: Energy Overview Authored by Swapan K Ghosh Abstract Global warming is directly related to the consumption of fossil fuel and corresponding CO2 emission in the atmosphere. We have analyzed available data from various sources for energy consumptions, CO2 emissions, and Earth’s average atmospheric temperature during the period 1970 to 2018. We also analyzed the projected energy consumption data during 2018 to 2050. It is found that human industrial activities between 1970 and 2018 have consumed 385 Gtoe of fossil fuel and emitted1143 Gt of CO2 into the Earth’s atmosphere. As a result, the Earth’s average atmospheric temperature has increased 0.90? between 1970 and 2018. It is found that the projected world total fossil fuel consumption during 2018 to 2050 is 378 Gtoe. We estimate that this 378 Gtoe fossil fuel consumption emits 1122 Gt of CO2 into the Earth’s atmosphere resulting in about another1 °C increas...

        Iris Publishers Brutalist Architecture in Taiwan .        Authored by Shin Hung Pan. In this paper we discuss the origins and development of the brutalist architecture in Taiwan during the 1960s. It provides a detailed survey of an important yet little known chapter in the development of post-war modernist architecture in Taiwan. Based on the architectonic analysis, the buildings built in the brutalist style in Taiwan during the 1960s can be divided into two categories: concrete expressionism and concrete structuralism. In addition, it was found that there were two main sources for the introduction of brutalist architecture into Taiwan: the public works projects of the Japanese colonial government; American economic assistance and Western missionary activity during the post-war period. Keywords:  Brutalist architecture; Concrete expressionism; Concrete structuralism Introduction Following the end of the Japanese colonial era ...

        Iris Publishers           Investigation of the Evolution of Clay Microstructure under Different Loading Paths and Impact on Constitutive Modelling        Authored by Simona Guglielmi         The paper presents part of a research work in the field of the interpretation of the mechanical response of clays to support their constitutive modelling, according to an approach which combines the investigation of the soil element macro-behaviour, through laboratory experimental testing, with the observation of the soil features and processes at the micro-scale, through scanning electron microscopy, SEM. The effect of compression on the mechanical behaviour of clays, once reconstituted in the laboratory, has been the subject of experimental studies for many years, and has been extended to the behaviour of natural clays, which develop, in their geological history, different structure from that forming in...