Global Journal of Engineering Sciences (GJES)
Significance
of Applying Thermal Analysis on Research of Energetic Materials Containing
Metal Powders
Authored by Sun Yalun
Abstract
Insensitive
energetic materials have become one of the important trends in the development
of conventional weapons. Metal powder is widely used in composite energetic
materials and its advantages have been further confirmed. At present, thermal
analysis technology is widely used to study the reaction mechanism of energetic
materials including metal powder.
Keywords: Energetic materials; Metal powder;
Thermal analysis technology
Introduction
Energetic
materials, including propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics and so on, are one
of the most important components of the conventional weapon system. They not
only determine the safety and reliability of the whole lifecycle of the weapon
system, but also determine the operational efficiency of the ammunition system.
Insensitive energetic materials have become one of the important trends in the
development of conventional weapons [1- 4]. With the continuous intersection,
development and integration of materials, chemistry and other disciplines and
technologies, the processing technology of energetic materials is changing with
each passing day. Through the synthesis of new energetic materials, the surface
treatment and modification of single energetic crystal materials, and the use
of advanced mixing and composite technology of energetic materials, people can
not only improve the ability of energetic materials to unexpected stimulation
and inherent environment, but also achieve the purpose of improving its
sensitivity, performance and target adaptability in the life cycle. Since 2003,
Zhao Fengqi and others [5,6] have introduced the application of nano metal
powder in propellant. After several years of research, some of the latest
research results have further confirmed the good application prospects of nano
metal powders. Its advantages are as follows: improve the combustion efficiency
of propellant; increase the burning rate of propellant; catalyze thermal
decomposition of propellant components.
The
combustion process of energetic materials is a complex multi-stage process
based on the chemical reaction of condensed phase and gas phase. All the
theoretical models describing combustion are based on the mass and energy
(heat) transfer of the thermal decomposition process of energetic materials.
The study of thermal decomposition chemistry provides basic kinetic and
thermodynamic data for this purpose. Literature [7-10] conducted a deep and
beneficial discussion on the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and
kinetic compensation effects of RDX and HMX using DSC, DTA (Differential
Thermal Analysis) and TGDTG techniques. Therefore, the study of thermal
decomposition chemistry of energetic materials is of great significance to the
application of energetic materials.
As a
high energy fuel, metal powder is widely used in explosives. A large amount of
heat released by oxidation-reduction reaction has become one of the important
ways to improve the damage power and range of ammunition.; The combustion
stability and durability of pyrotechnics can be improved by adding nano metal
powder into pyrotechnics. Adding metal powder to explosive can improve the heat
of detonation and the burning rate of propellant. Therefore, the application of
nano metal powder can improve the working ability of explosive and the burning
performance of propellant. Metal powder is widely used in composite energetic
materials. In 2004, Li Yunong et al. [11-14] found that when metal powder was nano-sized,
based on the surface effect, the chemical reaction activity of metal powder can
be greatly improved, and many more excellent properties can be obtained. The
combustion stability and durability of pyrotechnic powder can be improved by
adding nano metal powder into pyrotechnic powder; adding metal powder to the
explosive can improve the detonation heat, and the work ability can be greatly
improved; the burning rate of propellant can be increased at the same time.
Therefore, the application of nano metal powder can improve the function of
explosives and improve the combustion performance of gunpowder.
However,
for a long time, the formulation design of explosives depends on experience or
semi experience, which makes people have no clear understanding of the role and
influence of metal powder in the reaction of energetic system. In addition,
composite energetic materials often contain more than three components. The
interaction mechanism between components is very complicated. The existence of
physical processes such as melting, or crystallization makes these interactions
more whirling. This interaction is the basis for the study of combustion,
detonation and deflagration effects of energetic materials mixed systems. At
present, thermal analysis technology is widely used to study the reaction
mechanism of energetic materials. From the classical isothermal
“thermogravimetry” and decomposition gas transformation technology in 1940s to
the technology of isotope labeling and isotope effect, as well as the advanced
temperature jump Fourier transform infrared (T-jump-FTIR) technology and high
pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) technology [15-18], the
thermal behavior of energetic materials has been characterized, and their
thermal decomposition kinetics and mechanism have never been studied
Interruption. The study of thermal decomposition is the basis of safety
technology, risk, stability, use or storage life assessment of energetic
materials in production, use, transportation and storage, and also the
indispensable premise of basic theoretical research such as combustion and
detonation. Thermal decomposition of energetic materials plays an important
role in performance evaluation and basic theoretical research.
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