Iris Publishers – Global Journal of Engineering Sciences (GJES)
Authored by Alexei Krivolutsky
As it
is well known [1], the high-energy solar particles (mainly solar protons), with
an energy of several to 500 MeV, enter into the Earth’s stratosphere and
mesosphere only in polar regions. For the first time the sharp decrease of the
ozone and ion content in e stratosphere was detected on board the American
Nimbus-4 satellite in course of one of the strongest flares on the Sun (August
4, 1972) [2]. As the theoretical analysis has shown, the highenergy particles
intrusion in polar atmosphere produced oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrogen
(HOx), and some ions, which destroy ozone in catalytic chemical cycles and
increases electron density in polar region. Important steps were made with
satellite missions NASA UARS (with HALOE instrument) and European ENVISAT (with
MIPAS instrument). Basing on the ENVISAT measurements of ozone and other small
gas components, the international project HEPPA (High Energy Particle Precipitation
in the Atmosphere) was arranged [3]. This project involved 10 research groups
including Russian teams from the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO, Moscow).
As a result, the model computations were fulfilled which have demonstrated the
well correspondence with data of satellite measurements during the solar flare
in October 2003.
In this work we used global 3D numerical
photochemical model CHARM-I (Chemical Atmospheric Research Model with Ions) [4]
and satellite observations of solar proton fluxes to investigate the response
of neutral and ion composition to strong SPEs of July14 2000 and October28
2003.We should mention that changes in D-region of ionosphere induced by solar
particles should leads to the changes in radio wave absorption in polar region
CHARM-I
Model Short Description
Neutral
chemical compounds
To describe the global photochemical
processes taking place in the Earth’s atmosphere, the numerical Chemical
Atmospheric Research Model with Ions (CHARM-I) was elaborated in the Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics of CAO. The CHARM-I model used the
“splitting method” that makes it possible to describe independently processes
of advective transport and photochemical processes. Ions are calculated under
suppose that the sum of ions is zero. One of the most accurate methods, the
Prater’s method, is applied to describe the transfer processes. The
corresponding velocity components were calculated using the general circulation
model [5]. The method of” chemical families”, proposed in the work [6], was
used while integrating this system with equations of chemical kinetics, which
belongs to the so-called “rigid systems”. The “rigidity” of systems of the
chemical kinetics equations is manifested in this case in a large range of
values of the characteristic “lifetimes” of chemical components (from fractions
of a second to hundreds of years), which would require very small time steps of
integration. The method of “families” makes it possible to significantly remove
the “rigidity” of the system and considerably increase the time step. The
photochemical block of the model describes the interaction between the 41st
chemical components involved in 127 photochemical reactions. The following
chemical components were calculated in the model.
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